Which of the below given statements(s) is/are true?

All three statements accurately describe non-static inner classes in Java. Statement I is true: a non-static inner class requires a live instance of the outer class to be instantiated. Statement II is true: inner class instances can only be created via an outer class instance (e.g., outerInstance.new InnerClass()). Statement III is true: inner classes maintain an implicit reference to their enclosing class instance, enabling direct access to outer class members.

Step-by-step Derivation:
Analysis of non-static inner class behavior in Java:

Statement I - TRUE: Non-static inner classes are bound to an instance of the outer class. You cannot create an inner class instance without an existing outer class instance:

class Outer {
    class Inner {}
}
Outer outer = new Outer();
Outer.Inner inner = outer.new Inner(); // Requires 'outer' instance

Statement II - TRUE: Inner class instances cannot be created independently. They must be instantiated through an outer class instance:

Outer.Inner inner = new Outer().new Inner(); // Created from outer instance
// NOT: Inner inner = new Inner(); // This fails—no outer context

Statement III - TRUE: Non-static inner classes hold an implicit reference to their enclosing class instance:

class Outer {
    int x = 10;
    class Inner {
        void display() {
            System.out.println(x); // Direct access to outer's member via implicit 'this' reference
        }
    }
}

All three statements correctly characterize non-static inner class semantics. Answer: A