QUESTION 51 What will be come in place of blank in the algorithm given below to get the...

This is a merge algorithm for two sorted arrays. The first blank needs OR (||) because we continue the main loop as long as either array has remaining elements—the inner comparisons (lines 3-8) only work when both i and j are valid. After exhausting one array, we print remaining elements from the other: Blank 2 prints remaining A elements (while i < m), and Blank 3 prints remaining B elements (while j < n).

Step-by-step Derivation:
Trace through with A = {3, 6, 9, 10, 36}, B = {1, 8, 29}, m = 5, n = 3:

• i=0, j=0: B[0]=1 < A[0]=3 → print 1, j=1
• i=0, j=1: A[0]=3 < B[1]=8 → print 3, i=1
• i=1, j=1: A[1]=6 < B[1]=8 → print 6, i=2
• i=2, j=1: A[2]=9 > B[1]=8 → print 8, j=2
• i=2, j=2: A[2]=9 < B[2]=29 → print 9, i=3
• i=3, j=2: A[3]=10 < B[2]=29 → print 10, i=4
• i=4, j=2: A[4]=36 > B[2]=29 → print 29, j=3
• Now j=3 (equals n), so main loop exits (i < m && j < n fails)
• Print remaining A: 36
• B is exhausted, nothing remains
  Output: 1 3 6 8 9 10 29 36 ✓

Option D fails because Blank 1 uses AND (&&), causing the loop to exit as soon as either array is exhausted, leaving unmerged elements.