Which of the below given is/are involved in micro-operations?
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Which of the below given is/are involved in micro-operations?
I) Register Transfer
II) Arithmetic operatIII) Logic operat- A) Only (I)
Show answer & explanation
Micro-operations are the atomic operations performed by a CPU during instruction execution. These include register transfers (moving data between registers), arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication), and logic operations (AND, OR, NOT, XOR). All three categories are fundamental components of micro-operations in any processor architecture.
Step-by-step Derivation:
Micro-operations (or micro-ops) are the elementary operations that a processor executes in a single clock cycle or within a single instruction cycle. They comprise:
Register Transfer (I): Moving/copying data between registers or from memory to registers (e.g., R1 ← R2, R1 ← M[address]). This is essential for data manipulation.
Arithmetic Operations (II): Operations like ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV performed on operands stored in registers. These are core ALU functions.
Logic Operations (III): Operations like AND, OR, NOT, XOR, bit shifts, and comparisons. These are also ALU functions used for bitwise manipulation and conditional branching.
All three are integral parts of the instruction execution cycle and collectively define the complete set of micro-operations a processor can perform. Therefore, the answer is (D) All (I), (II) and (III).