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A large-scale industrial piping system is designed to transport a viscous fluid with a...

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A large-scale industrial piping system is designed to transport a viscous fluid with a density of 950 kg/m³. The fluid flows through a horizontal pipe with a diameter of 0.4 m at a volumetric flow rate of 0.2 m³/s. Due to a sudden valve closure, the flow is abruptly stopped. As a result, a pressure wave is generated, and the fluid column experiences a water hammer effect.

Considering the system is incompressible and neglecting any energy losses, calculate the maximum pressure increase (in pascals) experienced by the fluid column due to the water hammer effect.

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Answer: A. A) 400,000 Pa

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