Q8 /20 Choose the correct description of database rollforward processing.

Rollforward (or redo) processing replays committed transactions from a journal file after a physical failure to restore the database to its state before the crash. It is used specifically for physical failures (hardware crashes, disk failures) where committed data in the journal must be reapplied. Rollback (undo) processing, by contrast, handles logical failures by undoing uncommitted transactions.

Step-by-step Derivation:
Rollforward processing is a recovery technique that occurs after a physical failure has occurred. The steps are: (1) Restore the database from the last backup, (2) Read the journal file containing committed transactions recorded since the backup, (3) Reapply (replay) those transactions to bring the database forward to its pre-failure state. Options C and D incorrectly reference logical failures—those are handled by rollback, not rollforward. Option A incorrectly says 'before updating', which contradicts the definition of rollforward as a post-failure recovery operation.