Question 41 (Python Question) - Show me your reference id What is the output of the...

In Python, lists are passed by reference. When foo(q) is called, the parameter x refers to the same list object as q. The function modifies the list contents but does not create a new list. Since id(q) and id(x) refer to the same object, they have identical ids, so the comparison returns True.

Step-by-step Derivation:

1. q = ['math', 'works'] creates a list object with a specific id, let's say id_value.
2. foo(q) is called, passing q by reference. Inside foo, x is an alias for the same list object.
3. x[0] = ['math'] and x[1] = ['works'] modify the list in-place; they don't create a new list object.
4. return id(x) returns the id of the same list object, which equals id_value.
5. print(id(q) == foo(q)) compares id(q) (which is id_value) with foo(q) (which is also id_value).
6. Result: id_value == id_value evaluates to True.