Choose the grammatically correct sentence:

The word 'with' is a preposition, which requires the objective case for any pronouns following it. 'Me' is the objective form of the first-person singular pronoun, whereas 'I' is the nominative form.

Step-by-step Derivation:
Step 1: Identify the preposition in the sentence. The word 'with' functions as the preposition introducing a prepositional phrase.
Step 2: Determine the case required for the object of a preposition. In English grammar, the object of a preposition must be in the objective case (e.g., me, him, her, us, them).
Step 3: Evaluate the pronouns used in the options. 'I' is a subject pronoun (nominative case), and 'me' is an object pronoun (objective case).
Step 4: Test the pronouns by removing the other person from the compound object. 'Samuel was with I' is grammatically incorrect; 'Samuel was with me' is grammatically correct.
Step 5: Apply this to the compound object 'Susan and me'. Therefore, 'Samuel was with Susan and me' is the correct construction.