Question 14 Which of the following statements is/are correct in the context of CPU scheduling?

Turnaround time (TAT) = completion time − arrival time, which includes both waiting time and burst time, making A correct. Preemptive scheduling requires hardware support (timer interrupts) to forcibly context switch, making C correct. Option B is incorrect because scheduling goals include minimizing turnaround time, wait time, and response time—not just maximizing utilization. Option D is incorrect because Round-robin requires known or fixed time quanta and works best with relatively uniform processes; lack of known CPU time makes it inefficient.

Step-by-step Derivation:
Analysis of each statement:

A) Turnaround Time = Completion Time − Arrival Time = (Waiting Time + Burst Time). Since TAT includes both waiting and burst times, the statement is TRUE.

B) Scheduling goals are multifaceted: maximize CPU utilization, minimize turnaround time, minimize waiting time, minimize response time, and maximize throughput. The statement says 'only maximize utilization and minimize throughput'—this is FALSE (throughput should be maximized, not minimized, and other goals exist).

C) Preemptive scheduling requires the OS to interrupt a running process. This needs hardware support (timer interrupt mechanism) to force context switches. TRUE.

D) Round-robin uses a fixed time quantum per process. It works with processes of unknown CPU time but becomes inefficient if some processes need much longer. The statement is incomplete (cut off), but if completed as 'not known in advance,' it's partially true but misleading—RR can handle it but may not be optimal. The incomplete nature and the fact that it's typically paired with known/uniform processes makes this FALSE or debatable.

Correct answers: A and C